When David McCullough passed away a few months ago, we lost one of our great American historians / biographers. I think of him as being among a select group such as Walter Isaacson, Doris Kearns Goodwin, Jon Meacham, Joseph J. Ellis, and Erik Larson.
Catherine Grace Katz’s The Daughters of Yalta; The Churchills, Roosevelts, and Harrimans: A Story of Love and War establishes her as the “new” American popular historian worthy of being mentioned with that group. They all have one thing in common: prodigious research does not mean that a historical work is merely for fellow scholars. To the contrary, their work reads like historical novels, making non-fiction the stuff of literature.
My wife read this for a book discussion group and knowing my interest in WW II history highly recommended it. She was right. She had bought her copy on line and unexpectedly we were delivered an autographed copy of the clothbound edition, which we will now treasure. The young historian, Catherine Grace Katz, is just beginning her ascent into that rarified group I mentioned.
This is the fascinating story of the adult daughters of two of the “big three” who attended the famous Yalta conference, Anna Roosevelt the only daughter of Eleanor and Franklin, Sara Churchill, one of Clementine and Winston’s daughters (in full WRAF uniform), and Kathy Harriman, the youngest daughter of Averill Harriman, then United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union. Harriman was not only a key figure at the Conference but a confidant to Churchill as well (and lover of Churchill’s promiscuous daughter-in-law, Pamela, who in later years became his wife, the third marriage for each). Stalin’s daughter, Svetlana, did not attend with her father. And the location, Livadia Palace, was a character in the story itself as “everywhere the delegates turned, they found opulence and primitiveness in stark juxtaposition.”
I wish I had time to write a full review of this important book by an equally important new historian on the scene. In particular this book makes an appropriate “book end” to Eric Larson’s, The Splendid and the Vile; A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance during the Blitz
They are fascinating to read in tandem, Larson covering the beginnings of the war and Katz the concluding moments of the European Theater. Add Doris Kearns Goodwin’s No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The American Home front during World War II for those in between years.
As usual I made pages of notes but there are plentiful book reviews out there (and I thought Jennet Conant’s “Managing the Bedbugs, Bathroom Shortages and Big Egos at Yalta” in the Sept. 29, 2020 NYT outstanding), but I’ll make some bullet points, the particular things that will stay with me regarding this work.
· Although Kathy, Anna, and Sarah were not included in the plenary sessions of the conference, they played a critical role in supporting their fathers and organizing aspects of the Conference. Without them probably the outcome would have been very different. Churchill’s wife, Clementine, always served as Winston’s confidante, but she was needed on the home front and this gave Sarah the opportunity to fill her mother’s role. Anna Roosevelt had perhaps an even more critical task as she was one of the few people who knew the extent of her father’s congestive heart disease and needed to carefully monitor his meetings. She “detested sycophants for her father’s attention.” Kathy Harriman was accustomed to being with her famous father, had been with him in Russia, and was the only one of the three daughters who spoke Russian. The three were indispensable to their fathers and were ideal companions for one another. Kathy already had a close relationship with Winston’s daughter-in law Pamela, who as I mentioned became Harriman’s third wife later in life. It just shows one of the many connections of these three famous families.
· Although these women served their country, their roles were essentially a family affair. Each wanted to draw closer to their famous fathers. Perhaps that was a particular reason for Anna to attend as ever since she was a little girl her father was serving in some governmental capacity and he was an enigma to her, remote. All three left Yalta with a closer attachment to their fathers and in turn Winston, Franklin, and Averill had a deeper respect for each of them.
· Diplomacy sometimes demanded treachery. I think of the many “minor” players at the Conference – and Katz covers them all -- such as the sickly Harry Hopkins and even sometimes Averill Harriman himself. They could easily be mistreated or ignored by their boss. Winston too had his filters.
· Speaking of treachery, although we have had some first-hand knowledge of life in the Soviet Union from our trip there (and as a tourist was exposed to a much idealized version), nothing quite prepared me for the details Katz recounts. Perhaps the worst was the “work” of the Soviet Secret Police, the NKVD, under the direction of Lavrentiy Beria who was in attendance at Yalta, but who was also in charge of executing more than 20,000 Polish officers and political leaders, having those murders disguised as Nazi atrocities, so his boss, Stalin, would have an easier time of controlling Poland after the war. Kathy Harriman was escorted to the scene of the The Katyn Forest massacre when her father was the ambassador to Russia, having her believe it was the work of the Nazis. The NKVD was also active in Yalta, bugging virtually every meeting place, bedroom, etc. Beria cast a ghostly, goulash presence there and Stalin always had the upper hand. At one of the lavish banquets Stalin staged, Admiral William Leahy, Roosevelt’s’ Chief of Staff of the US Army and Navy who was in attendance, turned to Stalin and asked “’Who’s that in the prince-nez opposite Ambassador Gromyko?’” “’Ah, that one. That’s our Himmler,’ replied Stalin…with more than a hint of gleeful malevolence…’That’s Beria.’”
· If one wonders why there is a Ukraine war today, one needs to look no further than Russian history and the Russian belief in empire. Crimea is part of Ukraine but was the subject of Putin’s annexation of the Republic of Crimea in 2014. At the time Zbigniew Brzezinski compared Vladimir Putin's "thuggish tactics in seizing Crimea" and "thinly camouflaged invasion" to Adolf Hitler's occupation of the Sudetenland in 1938. Reading Katz’s description of the Yalta is a stark reminder of today’s times.
This book HAD to be written because previous histories of Yalta might have made reference to these three women, but it took a young, eager, gifted historian, Catherine Grace Katz, to capture the wide-angled truth, how Sarah, Kathy, and Anna were not just a pleasant back story, but essential in the workings of the Conference, one later deemed a failure, but alternative realities are difficult to prove. I’m happy that serendipitously we have a signed first edition by the author, as we hope to enjoy many other histories from her for years to come.
